问题1
在cordova run android的时候可能出现如下错误
BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 5s
1 actionable task: 1 executed
Subproject Path: CordovaLib
Subproject Path: app
Downloading https://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-4.1-all.zip
........10%.........20%........30%.........40%........50%.........60%.........70%........80%.........90%........100%
Starting a Gradle Daemon (subsequent builds will be faster)

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* What went wrong:
A problem occurred configuring root project 'android'.
> Could not resolve all files for configuration ':classpath'.
   > Could not resolve com.android.tools.build:gradle:3.0.0.
     Required by:
         project :
      > Could not resolve com.android.tools.build:gradle:3.0.0.
         > Could not get resource 'https://jcenter.bintray.com/com/android/tools/build/gradle/3.0.0/gradle-3.0.0.pom'.
            > Could not GET 'https://jcenter.bintray.com/com/android/tools/build/gradle/3.0.0/gradle-3.0.0.pom'.
               > Connect to 127.0.0.1:80 [/127.0.0.1] failed: Connection refused: connect
      > Could not resolve com.android.tools.build:gradle:3.0.0.
         > Could not get resource 'https://maven.google.com/com/android/tools/build/gradle/3.0.0/gradle-3.0.0.pom'.
            > Could not GET 'https://maven.google.com/com/android/tools/build/gradle/3.0.0/gradle-3.0.0.pom'.
               > Connect to 127.0.0.1:80 [/127.0.0.1] failed: Connection refused: connect
C:\Users\用户名\.gradle\gradle.properties
找到这个文件
systemProp.http.proxyHost=127.0.0.1
systemProp.https.proxyHost=127.0.0.1
systemProp.https.proxyPort=80
systemProp.http.proxyPort=80
改成 
systemProp.http.proxyHost=
systemProp.https.proxyHost=
systemProp.https.proxyPort=80
systemProp.http.proxyPort=80
即可

问题2
cordova 的 gradle配置仓库地址为国内地址
platforms/android/build.gradle
修改内容如下

buildscript {
    repositories {
        maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public' }
        maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/google' }
        maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/gradle-plugin' }
        mavenLocal()
        mavenCentral()
        google()
        // jcenter()
        maven { url "https://jitpack.io" }
        jcenter(){url "http://jcenter.bintray.com/"}
    }

    dependencies {
        // NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong
        // in the individual module build.gradle files
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:3.3.0'
    }
}

allprojects {
    repositories {
        maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public' }
        maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/google' }
        maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/gradle-plugin' }
        mavenLocal()
        mavenCentral()
        google()
        // jcenter()
        maven { url "https://jitpack.io" }
        jcenter(){url "http://jcenter.bintray.com/"}
    }

    //This replaces project.properties w.r.t. build settings
    project.ext {
      defaultBuildToolsVersion="28.0.3" //String
      defaultMinSdkVersion=19 //Integer - Minimum requirement is Android 4.4
      defaultTargetSdkVersion=28 //Integer - We ALWAYS target the latest by default
      defaultCompileSdkVersion=28 //Integer - We ALWAYS compile with the latest by default
    }
}

task clean(type: Delete) {
    delete rootProject.buildDir
}